Wednesday, June 29, 2011

Climate change and its effect on China

At least 300,000 people in north-west China are short of drinking water because of unseasonably warm weather, which officials link to climate change.
Parts of Shaanxi province face drought after January saw as little as 10% of average rainfall, state media say.
Frozen lakes are melting and trees are blossoming in the capital Beijing as it experiences its warmest winter for 30 years, the China Daily reported.
China is the world's biggest producer of greenhouse gases, after the US.
The country's top meteorologist, Qin Dahe, said the recent dry and warm weather in northern China was related to global warming.
But he told reporters that China was committed to improving energy efficiency, and planned to reduce carbon dioxide and other emissions by 20% in the next five years.




on climate change, which last week released a report saying mankind was very likely the cause of global climate change.His comments, at a press conference in Beijing, mark the Chinese government's first official response to the report's findings.
No cheap fix
"The Chinese government is taking climate change extremely seriously," he said. "President Hu Jintao has said that climate change is not just an environmental issue but also a development issue."

But he warned that for China, as a rapidly developing nation, to completely transform its energy structure and use clean energy "would need a lot of money".
China's foreign ministry spokesperson, Jiang Yu, reiterated the government's commitment to curbing greenhouse gases.
But, at her regular briefing, she also attacked wealthy nations as being the most of the blame for the current crisis.
"Developed countries bear an unshirkable responsibility," she said, adding that they should "lead the way in assuming responsibility for emissions cuts".
Although China is trying to develop alternative energy sources, it is still the world's biggest consumer and producer of coal.
It is expected to surpass the US as the world's largest emitter of greenhouse gases in the next decade.

(source:www.news.bbc.co.uk)

Climate change and its effect on India


How Climate Change affects India
Precisely at a time when India is confronted with development imperatives25, we will also be severely impacted by climate change. Like other developing countries, several sections of the Indian populace will not be able to buffer themselves from impacts2,8 of global warming. With close economic ties to natural resources and climate-sensitive sectors such as agriculture, water and forestry, India may face a major threat15, and require serious adaptive capacity to combat climate change. As a developing country, India can little afford the risks and economic backlashes that industrialized nations can. With 27.5% of the population still below the poverty line, reducing vulnerability to the impacts of climate change is essential15.

It is in India’s interest to ensure that the world moves towards a low carbon future. Many studies have underscored the nation’s vulnerability to climate change8. With changes in key climate variables, namely temperature, precipitation and humidity, crucial sectors like agriculture and rural development are likely to be affected in a major way.
Impacts are already being seen in unprecedented heat waves, cyclones, floods, salinisation of the coastline and effects on agriculture, fisheries and health8.

India is home to a third of the world’s poor, and climate change will hit this section of society the hardest. Set to be the most populous nation in the world by 2045, the economic, social and ecological price of climate change will be massive.

The future impacts of climate change, identified by the Government of India’s National Communications (NATCOM) in 2004 include25:
  • Decreased snow cover, affecting snow-fed and glacial systems such as the Ganges and Bramhaputra. 70% of the summer flow of the Ganges comes from meltwater
  • Erratic monsoon with serious effects on rain-fed agriculture, peninsular rivers, water and power supply
  • Drop in wheat production by 4-5 million tones, with even a 1ºC rise in temperature
  • Rising sea levels causing displacement along one of the most densely populated coastlines in the world, threatened freshwater sources and mangrove ecosystems
  • Increased frequency and intensity of floods. Increased vulnerability of people in coastal, arid and semi-arid zones of the country
  • Studies indicate that over 50% of India’s forests are likely to experience shift in forest types, adversely impacting associated biodiversity, regional climate dynamics as well as livelihoods based on forest products.
India stands to lose on too many counts to allow a ‘climate-politics-as-usual’ scenario. Therefore, positive engagement with global climate negotiations at the next UNFCCC meeting in December 2009 is crucial8.
(source:www.indiaclimateportal.org)

Thursday, June 9, 2011

Glacier explosion in Nepal


Global climatic change during the first half of the twentieth century has had a significant impact on the high mountainous glacial environment. Many big glaciers melted rapidly forming a large number of glacial lakes. Due to an increase in the rate at which ice and snow melted, the accumulation of water in these lakes has been increasing rapidly. Sudden discharge of large volumes of water with debris from these lakes causes glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs) in valleys downstream. These result in serious death tolls and destruction of valuable natural resources such as forests, farms, and costly mountain infrastructures. The Hindu Kush-Himalayan region has suffered several GLOF events originating from numerous glacial lakes, some of which have trans-boundary impacts.
At least 12 GLOF events have been recorded since 1935 in the Tibetan area of the Himalayas. A GLOF from Sangwang Cho glacial lake at the head-waters of the Nyangqu River in the Yarlung Zangbo basin in Tibet in July 1954 buried the upper valley with 3 to 5 m thick debris.
The flood damaged the city of Gyangze 120 km away, with a peak discharge of 10,000 m3s-1, and the city of Xigaze 200 km downstream. This GLOF released 300 million cubic metres of water and created a 40-metre high surge flood in Nyang Qu River (Xu & Feng 1994). The GLOF that occurred on 11 July 1981 originated from the Zhangzangbo glacial lake in Tibet and caused damage 50 km downstream, destroying three concrete bridges (one in China, one in Nepal, and one at the Nepal-China border) and a long section of the Nepal-China Highway which cost US$ 3 million to rebuild.
Thirty-five destructive GLOF events have been recorded in the Upper Indus River system in the past two hundred years, but there have been few catastrophic floods in the recent past (WECS 1987). A GLOF from the Shyok area in August 1929 in the Indus River system extended 1,300 km downstream to Attock and had a discharge greater than 15,000 m3s-1 (WECS 1987).
GLOF events from the Lunana area of northwestern Bhutan damaged the Punakha Dzong in 1957, 1969, and 1994. The latest GLOF in Bhutan was triggered by partial breaching of Lugge Tsho glacial lake.
The GLOF event that occurred on 4 August 1985 from Dig Tsho (Langmoche) glacial lake destroyed the nearly complete Namche Small Hydropower Plant (estimated cost of US $ one and half million), 14 bridges, cultivated lands, and so on. Five GLOF events occurred in Nepal from 1977 to 1998 according to the records and, based on the study of satellite images, evidence of other occurrences in the past has has been found. Six GLOF events (1935 - 1981) originating from Tibet, China, were reported to have damaging effects inside the Koshi River Basin in Nepal.
A recent inventory carried out by ICIMOD and UNEP/EAP-AP shows that there are 3,252 glaciers covering a surface area of 53,23 sq.km and 2,315 glacial lakes out of which 26 potential dangerous glacial lakes are in Nepal (ICIMOD and UNEP/EAP-AP 2000). Field studies of the six glacial lakes (Tsho Rolpa, Imja, Thulagi, Lower Barun, Dig Tsho, and Tam Pokhari) in Nepal have been carried out by different organisations. Similarly, the inventory carried out shows that in Bhutan there are 677 glaciers covering 1,316 sq.km and 2,674 lakes, out of which 22 are potentially dangerous.(source:http://saarc-sdmc.nic.in/)

Monday, June 6, 2011

What is RIO+20?

The United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development (UNCSD) is being organized in pursuance of General Assembly Resolution 64/236 (A/RES/64/236). The Conference will take place in Brazil on 4-6 June 2012 to mark the 20th anniversary of the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), in Rio de Janeiro, and the 10th anniversary of the 2002 World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) in Johannesburg. It is envisaged as a Conference at the highest possible level, including Heads of State and Government or other representatives. The Conference will result in a focused political document.


Objective 
The objective of the Conference is to secure renewed political commitment for sustainable development, assess the progress to date and the remaining gaps in the implementation of the outcomes of the major summits on sustainable development, and address new and emerging challenges(Source:http://www.uncsd2012.org)

Sunday, June 5, 2011

Nepalese organiztions working in climatechange




SnLogoNameAddressContact Person
Aussie Biz Edu. Consultancy GPO Box 20102, Samakhusi, Kathmandu Puspa Raj Adhikari 
  Center for Energy Studies/Tribuvhan UniversityCenter for Energy Studies/Tribuvhan University Pulchowk Campus Complex, Pulchowk, Lalitpur, Nepal Tri Ratna Bajracharya 
Centre for Rural Technology Nepal Kumaripati, Lalitpur, Nepal Bibhuti Khatiwada 
  Clean Energy NepalClean Energy Nepal 108 Binayak Marga,Kamaladi, Kathmandu, Nepal, POB No: 24581 Pankaj KC 
  Climate Action Volunteers- NEPALClimate Action Volunteers- NEPAL Biratngar-11 Nepal Rakesh Panthi 
  Co-Action NepalCo-Action Nepal Head Office:P.O.Box 75, Bharatpur-10,Chitwan Project Office: Thirbam Sadak 1151, Maharjgunj, Kathmandu, Nepal Deepak Acharya( coaction@wlink.com.np) or Anal Dhungana( anald@coaction.org.np) 
  College of Applied Sciences-Nepal (CAS)College of Applied Sciences-Nepal (CAS) Anamnagar, Rudramati Marga 717 Sujesh Shrestha 
Department of Forests Research and Survey Babar Mahal, Kathmandu Sahar Man Shrestha 
Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit - GIZ GIZ Office Kathmandu Neer Bhawan P.O. Box 1457 Kathmandu/Nepal Roman Roehrl 
10   Eco Friends- Nepal (EFN)Eco Friends- Nepal (EFN) New Plaza, Putalisadak, Kathmandu Kabindra Dhakal 
11   ECO-NepalECO-Nepal GPO Box: 19720, Kathmandu Ram Chandra Neupane 
12   ecopriseecoprise 149, Gyan Deep Marga, Lazimpat 
13   Go Green NepalGo Green Nepal Kirtipur-2 Sunil Thapa 
14 Green.Society New Baneshowr Mr. Rupak Koirala 
15   Himalayan Alliance on climate Change(HIMCCA)Himalayan Alliance on climate Change(HIMCCA) Battisputali, Purano Baneshwor, Kathmandu Binod Prasad Shah 
16 Himalayan Cryosphere, Climate and Disaster Research Center (HiCCRDC) Dhulikhel, Kavre, PO Box 6250, Kathmandu, Nepal Rijan Bhakta Kayastha 
17   Hindu Kush Himalayan Benthological SocietyHindu Kush Himalayan Benthological Society POBox 20791, Sundhara, Kathmandu, Nepal Mr. Pramod Bhagat 
18   Institute for Social and Environmental Transition (ISET)-NepalInstitute for Social and Environmental Transition (ISET)-Nepal GPO Box 3971, ‘WATER NEPAL’ Building, Chundevi, Maharajgunj, Kathmandu Nepal Ajaya Dixit (Email: iset@ntc.net.np) 
19 Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal Dharma Raj Dangol 
20 Institute of Forestry Pokhara PO Box #43, Hariyokharka, Pokhara, Nepal Keshab D. Awasthi
21   Integrated Effort For Development NepalIntegrated Effort For Development Nepal Dhulikhel-6,Kavre,Nepal(Hotel Gaurishanker) Ranjeev Shrestha 
22  International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development Khumaltar, GPO Box 3226, Kathmandu Miriam Macchi/Baskhar Karky 
23  International Union for Conservation of Nature P.O. Box 3923, Kupondole, Kathmandu, Nepal Rajendra Khanal 
24  Local Initiatives for Biodiversity, Research and Development (LI-BIRD) P.O.Box: 324, Gairapatan, Pokhara, Nepal Keshab Thapa 
25   Namsaling Community Development CenterNamsaling Community Development Center Dhobidhara Ilam Municipality 7, Ilam District, Nepal Kamal Raj Rai 
26   Nepal Academy of Science and TechnologyNepal Academy of Science and Technology Khumaltar. Lalitpur, GPO Box 3323, Kathmandu, Nepal Dinesh R. Bhuju, Chief, Faculty of Science 
27  Nepal Agricultural Research Council Singh Durbar Plaza, Kathmandu, Nepal P.O. Box 5459 Bhartendu Mishra 
28   Nepal Department of Hydrology and MeteorologyNepal Department of Hydrology and Meteorology Babar Mahal, PO Box 406 Nirmal Hari Rajbhandari 
29   Nepal Development Research InstituteNepal Development Research Institute Dhobighat, Jawalakhel, Lalitpur Punya Prasad Regmi 
30  Nepal Forum of Environmental Journalists (NEFEJ) GPOB NO 5143, Thapathali Kathmandu Nimesh Regmi 
31   Oxfam in NepalOxfam in Nepal Jawalakhel, Lalitpur, Nepal Prabin Man Singh 
32   Practical Action Nepal OfficePractical Action Nepal Office Pandole Marg, Lazimpat PO Box 15135 Gehendra Gurung 
33   Practical Solution Consultancy Nepal Pvt. Ltd (PSPL)Practical Solution Consultancy Nepal Pvt. Ltd (PSPL) Madhyapur Thimi Municipality-15, Kausaltar, Bhaktapur Ram P. Acharya 
34  Regional Climate Change Adaptation Knowledge Platform for Asia Secretariat AIT/United Nations Environment Programme, Regional Resource Center for Asia and the Pacific, 3rd Floor, Outreach Building, PO Box 4, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand Roopa Rakshit 
35  Regional Integrated Multi-Hazard Early Warning System for Africa and Asia Outreach Building Fl. 1, Asian Institute of Technology Campus, 58 Moo 9, Paholyothin, Rd, Klong Neung, PO Box 4, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani 12120 AR Subbiah 
36  Rural Enterprise Developer's Group Pvt. Ltd. Kupondole, Lalitpur Suhrid Prasad Chapagain 
37  Rural Reconstruction Nepal (RRN) 288 Gairidhara Marg, Gairidhara, Kathmandu, Nepal Sarba Raj Khadka 
38  Rural Youth Forum Nepal Rajbiraj Saptari Nepal Roshan Kumar Mehta 
39  Safe Environment Nepal Baneswor, Kathmandu Santoshi Giri 
40  Solar Energy Foundation Green Block, Chakupat, Lalitpur, Nepal Raju Rimal 
41  SOLVE Nepal Dhankuta, Nepal JP Bhujel 
42  Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI) – Asia Centre 15th Floor, Witthyakit Building, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Chulalongkorn Soil 64,Phyathai Road Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, THAILAND Sabita Thapa 
43   Sustainable Development Initiative (SDI) NepalSustainable Development Initiative (SDI) Nepal Sanepa-2, Lalitpur DEEPAK 
44   The Small Earth Nepal (SEN)The Small Earth Nepal (SEN) Bijuli Bazaar, Naya Baneshwor, Kathmandu, Nepal Mr. Dhiraj Pradhananga 
45   UN World Food Programme Nepal (WFP)UN World Food Programme Nepal (WFP) PO Box 107 Kathmandu, Chakupat, Patan Dhoka Rd. Lalitpur Jolanda Hogenkamp (jolanda.hogenkamp@wfp.org) OR Leela Raj Upadhyay (LeelaRaj.Upadhyay@wfp.org) 
46  Water and Energy Commission Secretariat Singha Durbar, Kathmandu Ravi Sharma Aryal 
47  World Bank in Nepal PO Box 798 Claudia Sadoff/Stephanie Borsboom 
48  World Health Organization (WHO) Nepal UN House, Pulchowk Nam Raj Khatri 
49  World Wildlife Fund Nepal Baluwatar, Kathmandu, Nepal Moon Shrestha 
50   Youth Campaign for Progress (YOCAP-Nepal)Youth Campaign for Progress (YOCAP-Nepal) Buddhanagar Kathmandu Nepal Machhindra Tiwari 
51   Youth Network for Social and Environmental Development (YONSED)Youth Network for Social and Environmental Development (YONSED) Mheipy-16,Kathmandu, Nepal Sumnima Shrestha 
(Source:http://www.climatenepal.org.np)

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